連州龍?zhí)哆^山瑤民族風情表演_語音導游詞

連州龍?zhí)哆^山瑤民族風情表演

    連州地處五嶺南麓，湘、粵、桂三省(區(qū))交界處，早在隋唐時期，就是選一區(qū)域內(nèi)最大的瑤族聚居區(qū)。據(jù)《隋書》地理志載：當時的長沙、武陵、巴陵、零陵、桂陽、澧陽、衡山、熙平(即現(xiàn)連州)等郡都是莫瑤的主要居住地。唐朝元和十年(公元816年)唐代詩豪劉禹錫在連州為刺史時，就寫下了《莫徭歌》、《蠻子歌》、《連州臘日觀莫徭獵西山》等詩篇，對唐代連州瑤族的外貌服飾、生活、生產(chǎn)情景作了形象的描寫。明清時期，為了加強對瑤族的管理，還專門設(shè)立了“化瑤局”，設(shè)“理瑤同知”職官專門處理瑤族事務?，F(xiàn)在的連南瑤族自治縣、湖南藍山的紫良瑤族鄉(xiāng)、江華瑤族向治縣的馬市一帶，都在連州“化瑤局”的管轄范圍之內(nèi)。現(xiàn)在連州瑤安瑤族民族鄉(xiāng)的“天光山”、三水兩個瑤族民族鄉(xiāng)的“掛榜山”就是這一帶瑤民的活動中心。瑤安鄉(xiāng)的天光山上還遺有清代朝廷免除瑤民稅賦的“莫徭碑”，三水鄉(xiāng)的掛榜山，就是懸掛瑤族圣典“過山榜文”的地方。

    連州因其所在的地理區(qū)域、生活環(huán)境、人文環(huán)境等諸多因素，曾經(jīng)對瑤民族的生存發(fā)展起到了重要的作用。

    連州過山瑤是瑤族的一大支系，語言屬漢藏語系苗瑤語瑤語支，其語言在全世界瑤族中分布較廣，廣東、廣西、湖南、云南、泰國及美、法、加拿大等均有講“勉”語的過山瑤人。在古代，由于統(tǒng)治者對瑤族的岐視與壓迫，過山瑤人長期生活在大山之中。他們居無定所，過著“吃完一山過一山”的艱辛日子，因此稱為過山瑤”。

    連州龍?zhí)哆^山瑤民族風情表演，藝術(shù)地再現(xiàn)了過山瑤的生產(chǎn)、生活、祀神、娛樂等場景。

    這是高臺小長鼓舞：高臺小長鼓舞是瑤族最具特色的鼓舞。舞蹈真實而形象地表現(xiàn)瑤族搭屋建房的內(nèi)容和過程，反映他們過著游耕、游獵、頻繁遷徙的艱辛生活。

    高臺小長鼓舞表演時，兩個鼓手站在高高的八仙桌上對打。因為桌面上位置局限，每轉(zhuǎn)換一個位置須側(cè)身而過，貼身而舞，所以動作必須準確吻合，相互問必須默契，顯示了舞蹈者高超的技藝。跳小長鼓舞是過山瑤在“還盤王愿”和喜慶節(jié)日跳的一種民間舞蹈，最具民族特色，被譽為瑤族藝術(shù)之花。

    這是木獅舞：木獅舞是古老的瀕于失傳的過山瑤族舞蹈。經(jīng)龍?zhí)哆^山瑤文化園挖掘整理，古老的木獅舞又重放異彩，現(xiàn)已成為廣東省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。

    木獅舞也稱為布袋木獅舞，是過山瑤的一種道具造型舞蹈。用泡桐木雕成的木獅頭造型獨特，木獅身由寬大的黃布組成。舞木獅時起初由兩個人同舞，人數(shù)慢慢增加，最多時可增加到8人。隨著嗩吶的節(jié)奏，木獅嘴巴發(fā)出“啯啯”的聲音，活靈活現(xiàn)情趣盎然。木獅舞動作變化多端，每構(gòu)成一個圖形為之象(亦叫一景)，總共有72象(景)，即72套動作。通過這72套動作，反映過山瑤祖先漂洋過海戰(zhàn)勝各種困難的艱辛歷程和對生活的無限憧憬。

Ethnic Customs Performance of Guoshan Yao in Lianzhou Longtan Town

    Lianzhou is located in the south of Lingnan,bordering on the junction of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces (autonomous regions). As early as the Sui and Tang Dynasty, it is the biggest Yao inhabited areas among this region. According to the record of geography, the then Changsha, Wuling, Baling, Lingling, Guiyang, Liyang, Hengshan, Xi Ping (the present-day Lianzhou) county were main residence of Mo Yao. In the year of 816AD, the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi in Lianzhou as governor, he wrote down several poems to describe appearance clothing, the production and the lifescene of Lianzhou Yao nationality.

    During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, in orderto strengthen the management of the Yao nationality, and also specifically set up Bureau of the Yao which provide official to deal with Yao affairs. Now,Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Hunan Lanshan ZiLiang Yao County and Jianghua Yao Autonomous County were over the jurisdiction of the Lianzhou Yao Bureau. The Guabang mountain of Lianzhou Yao Autonomous County is the Community centre of the Yao people lived in this neighborhood.

    With its geographical area, living environment, human environment and many other factors, Lianzhou has played an important role in the survival and development of Yao nationality.

    Lianzhou Guoshan Yao is a major branch of the Yao nationality. Its language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan  language branch of Miao-Yao language, which mainly spread over the world. Guoshan Yao people who lived in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Thailand and the United States,France, Canada and other places have speak Miao language. In ancient times, the ruler exerted discrimination and oppression of Yao nationality. The Yao people have no fixed place to live, living mountain pass over the mountain, so called Guoshan Yao.

    Ethnic Customs Performance of Guoshan Yao in Lianzhou Longtan Town vividly display the scene of production, living and entertainment of Guoshan Yao nationality.

    This is long drum dance, which is the most characteristic of drum dance. The dance vividly demonstrated the process and content of house building, reflecting that they lived a hardships life of cultivation,hunting and frequent migration.

    The long drum performances, with two drummer sstanding high in the square table to play drums. Because the limited location ofthe desktop, each converting a position to be sideways and dance closely. So the action must be consistent and accurate,showing the superb skills of dancers. With the unique characteristics, Long drum dance is a folk dance of Guoshan Yao, known as the flower of Yao nationality art.

    This is a wooden lion dance, which is a Guoshan Yao dance on the ancient brink of extinction. After the excavation of Longtan Guoshan Yao Cultural Park, the ancient wooden lion dance has became the intangible cultural heritage in Guangdong Province.

    Wooden lion dance, also known as the bagwooden lion dance, is a property in dance of Guoshan Yao. Unique with wood carvings into the lion's head shape, wood lion body composition by a large yellow cloth. Wooden lion initially danced by two people, later the number of dancer gradually increased, then up to eight people at last. With the rhythm of the suona, wooden lion would issue a unique sound.The movements of wooden lion dance are changeful, taking a total of 72 sets of action with each whom constitute a graphic object(also called a view). These 72 sets of action, reflecting the life that the Guoshan Yao ancestors across the ocean to overcome all difficulties and hardships at that time.